Providing the most comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of this exciting biomedical field, Handbook of Photomedicine gathers together a large team of international experts to give you a complete account of the application of light in healthcare and medical science. The book progresses logically from the history and fundamentals of photomedicine to diverse therapeutic applications of light, known collectively as phototherapies. It facilitates your understanding of human diseases caused by light, the rationale for photoprotection, and major applications of phototherapy in clinical practice.

The handbook begins with a series of historical vignettes of pioneers from the last two centuries. It also presents the fundamentals of physics and biology as applied to photomedicine. It next examines conditions and diseases caused by light, including skin cancer, dermatoses, and immunosuppression.

The remainder of the book focuses on the most important clinical therapeutic applications of different kinds of light that vary in both wavelength and intensity. The book discusses ultraviolet phototherapy for skin diseases and infections and presents the basic science of photodynamic therapy and its use in cancer therapy and other medical specialties. It then covers mechanistic studies and clinical applications of low-level laser (light) therapy as well as the use of high power or surgical laser therapy in specialties, such as dentistry and dermatology. The book concludes with a collection of miscellaneous types of phototherapy.

About the Author

Michael R. Hamblin, PhD, is a principal investigator in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, an associate professor of dermatology at Harvard Medical School, and a member of the affiliated faculty of the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology. A SPIE Fellow, he is an associate editor for seven journals, serves on the NIH Study Sections, and holds eight patents. Dr. Hamblin has published over 190 peer-reviewed articles, over 150 conference proceedings, and numerous book chapters. His research in photomedicine concentrates on photodynamic therapy for infections, cancer, and heart disease as well as low-level light therapy for wound healing, arthritis, traumatic brain injury, and hair regrowth.

Ying-Ying Huang, MD, is an instructor at Harvard Medical School. Dr. Huang has published 40 peer-reviewed articles, 15 conference proceedings, and several book chapters. Her research focuses on photodynamic therapy for infections and cancer as well as the mechanisms of low-level light therapy.

Contents

۱ Introduction: Historical Vignettes from the Field of Photomedicine
۲ History and Fundamentals of Lasers and Light Sources in Photomedicine 11
۳ Light–Tissue Interactions
۴ History and Fundamentals of Photodynamic Therapy 35
۵ History and Fundamentals of Low-Level Laser (Light) Therapy
۶ UV Effects on the Skin 55
۷ Photocarcinogenesis Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer 69
۸ Autoimmune Photodermatoses 81
۹ Photoaggravated Dermatoses
۱۰ Photoaging
۱۱ UVR-Induced Immunosuppression 111
۱۲ The Porphyrias 123
۱۳ Photoprotection 133
۱۴ Botanical Antioxidants for Photochemoprevention 143
۱۵ Reversal of DNA Damage to the Skin with DNA Repair Liposomes 153
۱۶ Climate Change and Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure 161
۱۷ Photochemistry and Photobiology of Vitamin D 171
۱۸ UVB Phototherapy for Psoriasis 191
۱۹ PUVA Therapy 197
۲۰ Extracorporeal Photopheresis 205
۲۱ Ultraviolet C Therapy for Infections 213
۲۲ Recent Advances in Developing Improved Agents for Photodynamic Therapy 227
۲۳ ۵-Aminolevulinic Acid and Its Derivatives 267
۲۴ Genetically Encoded Photosensitizers: Structure, Photosensitization Mechanisms, and Potential Application to Photodynamic Therapy 275
۲۵ Light Dosimetry for Photodynamic Therapy: Basic Concepts 281
۲۶ Multimodality Dosimetry 293
۲۷ Cell Death and PDT-Based Photooxidative (Phox) Stress 303
۲۸ Vascular and Cellular Targeted PDT 315
۲۹ Photodynamic Therapy for Increased Delivery of Anticancer Drugs 323
۳۰ Targeting Strategies in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Treatment 341
۳۱ Enhancing Photodynamic Treatment of Cancer with Mechanism-Based Combination Strategies
۳۲ Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy 367
۳۳ Drug Delivery Strategies for Photodynamic Therapy 379
۳۴ Antimicrobial PDT for Clinical Infectious Diseases 385
۳۵ PDT and the Immune System 397
۳۶ Detection of Bladder Cancer by Fluorescence Cystoscopy: From Bench to Bedside—the Hexvix Story 411
۳۷ Photochemical Internalization: From Bench to Bedside with a Novel Technology for Targeted Macromolecule Therapy 427
۳۸ The Story of Tookad: From Bench to Bedside 435
۳۹ Photodynamic Therapy in Ophthalmology 451
۴۰ Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology 465
۴۱ Photodynamic Therapy in the Gastrointestinal Tract 475
۴۲ Photodynamic Applications in Brain Tumors 485
۴۳ Photodynamic Therapy for Malignant Pleural Disease 495
۴۴ Clinical Photodynamic Therapy in the Chinese Region 503
۴۵ Photodynamic Therapy and Fluorescent Diagnostics in the Russian Federation
۴۶ Chromophores (Photoacceptors) for Low-Level Laser Therapy 521
۴۷ Low-Level Laser Therapy Signaling Pathways 535
۴۸ Irradiation Parameters, Dose Response, and Devices 563
۴۹ Low-Level Laser Therapy: Clearly a New Paradigm in the Management of Cancer Therapy-Induced Mucositis 569
۵۰ Low-Level Laser Therapy for Wound Healing 577
۵۱ Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Pain 591
۵۲ Low-Level Laser Therapy in Arthritis and Tendinopathies 603
۵۳ Low-Level Laser Therapy and Light-Emitting Diode Therapy on Muscle Tissue: Performance, Fatigue, and Repair 611
۵۴ Low-Level Laser Therapy for Stroke and Brain Disease 631
۵۵ Low-Level Light Therapy for Nerve and Spinal Cord Regeneration
۵۶ Low-Level Laser Therapy in Dentistry 653
۵۷ Low-Level Laser Therapy and Stem Cells 663
۵۸ Low-Level Light Therapy for Cosmetics and Dermatology 685
۵۹ Laser and Intense Pulsed Light Treatment of Skin 697
۶۰ Therapeutic Uses of Lasers in Eye Care 717
۶۱ Lasers Used in Dentistry 729
۶۲ Lasers Used in Urology 745
۶۳ Lasers Used in Otolaryngology 751
۶۴ Laser Targeting to Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications 757
۶۵ Laser Immunotherapy 763
۶۶ Tissue Repair by Photochemical Cross-Linking 771
۶۷ Optical Guidance for Cancer Interventions 783
۶۸ Phototherapy for Newborn Jaundice 797
۶۹ Biological Evidence of the Efficacy of Light Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders 807
۷۰ Future Develop